The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence- Third Edition (WPPSI-III)
Wechsler (1967) decided that a new scale should be developed and standardized especially for children under age 6. The new test was the WPPSI (the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence), usually pronounced “whipsy.” Its publication in 1967 extended the age range of the Wechsler series of intelligence tests downward to
age 4.
The WPPSI was the first major intelligence test that “adequately sampled the total population of the United States, including racial minorities” (Zimmerman & Woo-Sam, 1978, p. 10). This advantage contributed greatly to the success of the WPPSI, especially in an era when standardized tests were under attack for inadequate minority representation in standardization samples. A revision of the WPPSI, the WPPSI-R, was published in 1989. It was designed to assess the intelligence of children from ages 3 years through 7 years 3 months. New items were developed to extend the range of the test both upward and downward.
Published in 2002, the WPPSI-III extended the age range of children who could be tested with this instrument downward to 2 years 6 months.
The WPPSI-III was changed in many ways from its previous edition. Five subtests (Arithmetic, Animal Pegs, Geometric Design, Mazes, and Sentences) were dropped.
Seven new subtests were added: Matrix Reasoning, Picture Concepts, Word Reasoning, Coding, Symbol Search, Receptive Vocabulary, and Picture Naming. On the WPPSI-III, subtests are labeled core, supplemental, or optional, and some tests have different labels at different age levels (for example, supplemental at one age level and optional at another age level). A complete list of all the subtests on all of the Wechsler scales, including the WPPSI-III, the WISC-IV, and the WAIS-IV.
Seven new subtests were added: Matrix Reasoning, Picture Concepts, Word Reasoning, Coding, Symbol Search, Receptive Vocabulary, and Picture Naming. On the WPPSI-III, subtests are labeled core, supplemental, or optional, and some tests have different labels at different age levels (for example, supplemental at one age level and optional at another age level). A complete list of all the subtests on all of the Wechsler scales, including the WPPSI-III, the WISC-IV, and the WAIS-IV.
Subtests. Description
More details of subtests :
Related Topics :
The structure of the WPPSI-III reflects the interest of the test developers in enhancing measures of fluid reasoning and processing speed. Three of the new tests (Matrix Reasoning, Picture Concepts, and Word Reasoning) were designed to tap fluid reasoning, and two of the new tests (Coding and Symbol Search) were designed to tap processing speed. In an effort to reduce the confounding effects of speed on cognitive ability, the test developers discontinued the practice of awarding bonus points to Block Design and Object Assembly scores for quick, successful performance. The test developers hoped that their incorporation of the Symbol Search and Coding subtests would provide a less confounded measure of processing speed.
The test was administered to a stratified sample of 1,700 children between the ages of 2 years 6 months and 7 years 3 months and also to samples of children from special groups. The sample was selected in proportion to year 2000 U. S. Census data stratified on the variables of age, sex, race/ethnicity, parent education level, and geographic region. As has become the custom when revising major intelligence scales, a number of steps were taken to guard against item bias. Included were statistical methods as well as reviews by bias experts. A number of quality assurance procedures were put in place, including anchor protocols, to ensure that tests were scored and that data were entered properly. As has also become customary, a number of studies attesting to the psychometric soundness of the scale are presented in the technical manual.
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